Review on Functional Property Enhancement, System Stability Regulation and Industrial Application of Plant-Based Cereal Beverages

植物基谷物饮料是近年来食品科学与健康产业交叉领域的研究热点。围绕谷物资源高效利用、植物基产品创新与功能食品开发等关键科学问题，国内外已在原料筛选、工艺优化、功能挖掘、体系稳定及产业化应用等方面形成大量研究成果。本文系统梳理了植物基谷物饮料的原料种类与营养特征，归纳了预处理、酶解、发酵、均质、杀菌等关键加工技术的研究进展，阐述了抗氧化、调节血糖、调节肠道、降脂护心等功能活性及其作用机制，总结了体系失稳机理与稳定调控策略，分析了产品类型、产业现状与市场特征，评述了当前行业面临的技术瓶颈、研究不足与标准滞后问题，并对未来功能化、精准化、绿色化、智能化发展方向进行了展望。研究表明，植物基谷物饮料已形成较为完善的技术体系，但在稳定机制解析、风味精准调控、功能机理验证、高效产业化转化、标准体系构建等方面仍存在明显短板。未来研究应加强基础理论与工程化技术融合，推动谷物饮料向高品质、功能化、规范化方向高质量发展。Plant-based cereal beverages have emerged as a research hotspot at the intersection of food science and the health industry in recent years. Focusing on key scientific issues such as the efficient utilization of cereal resources, innovation in plant-based products, and the development of functional foods, numerous research findings have been achieved worldwide in terms of raw material screening, process optimization, functional exploration, system stability, and industrial application. This paper systematically reviews the raw material types and nutritional characteristics of plant-based cereal beverages, summarizes the research advances in key processing technologies including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, homogenization and sterilization, elaborates on the functional activities and underlying mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, blood glucose regulation, intestinal health modulation and lipid-lowering as well as cardiovascular protection, generalizes the instability mechanisms and stability regulation strategies of beverage systems, analyzes the product categories, industrial status and market characteristics, discusses the technical bottlenecks, research deficiencies and lagging standards confronting the current industry, and prospects the future development trends toward functionalization, precision, greenization and intellectualization. Studies indicate that a relatively complete technical system has been formed for plant-based cereal beverages, yet obvious shortcomings still exist in the elucidation of stability mechanisms, precise flavor regulation, verification of functional mechanisms, efficient industrial transformation and construction of standard systems. Future research should strengthen the integration of basic theory and engineering technology, so as to boost the high-quality development of cereal beverages in the direction of high quality, functionality and standardization.