Research Advances in the Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Plants

印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)是一种兼性共生与兼性致病真菌，具梨形厚垣孢子、可独立培养及丰富效应子分泌等独特生物学特性。本文综述其生物学特征、定殖与共生建立、双向信号识别及分子调控，重点解析通过根系重塑、激素调节和抗氧化系统提升植物生长抗逆的机制，评述其作为生物肥料与根际微生态调控剂的应用进展，并探讨定殖稳定性、代谢产物波动和生态安全等问题，为其在可持续农业与生态修复中的推广提供理论与技术参考。Piriformospora indica is a facultative symbiotic and opportunistic pathogenic fungus distinguished by its thick-walled pear-shaped spores, axenic culturability, and extensive effector secretion profile. This review summarizes its biological characteristics, colonization and symbiosis establishment processes, and bidirectional signal recognition and molecular regulation, with particular emphasis on mechanisms by which root architecture remodeling, hormone modulation, and antioxidant systems enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. We also evaluate its application as a biofertilizer and rhizosphere microbiome modulator, and discuss challenges such as colonization stability, metabolite variability, and ecological safety, providing a theoretical and technical framework for its deployment in sustainable agriculture and ecological remediation.