Research Progress on Pharmacological Action and Mechanism of <i>Prunella </i><i>v</i><i>ulgaris</i> in the Treatment of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

桥本甲状腺炎(HT)是一种自身免疫性甲状腺疾病，全球发病率逐年上升。西医治疗虽能控制甲状腺功能减退，但长期用药后免疫损伤却难以被逆转，患者需终身服药。夏枯草作为传统中药具有清肝泻火、明目、散结消肿的功效。近年来药理学研究表明，夏枯草在治疗HT中显示出多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点。本文系统总结夏枯草治疗HT的现代药理作用及机制，重点阐述其免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化应激、抗凋亡及甲状腺保护作用，并从中医理论探讨其治疗依据，整合现有研究成果，为临床使用和深入研究提供参考。Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease with a global incidence rising year by year. Although western medicine can control hypothyroidism, the immune damage is difficult to reverse after long-term medication, and patients need to take medication for life. Prunella vulgaris, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of clearing liver, discharging fire, improving eyesight, dispersing stagnation and reducing swelling. In recent years, pharmacological studies have shown that Prunella vulgaris has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of HT. This paper systematically summarizes the modern pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris in the treatment of HT, focusing on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis and thyroid protection effects, and discusses its therapeutic basis from the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and integrates the existing research results to provide reference for clinical use and in-depth research.