锂离子电池温度状态：定义、检测与估计

As an important carrier of new energy storage technology, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries throughout their life cycle have attracted significant attention. These batteries are complex, temperature-sensitive electrochemical systems. With increasing energy density and broader applications, temperature changes from thermal effects greatly affect their performance. Unlike other metrics such as state of charge or health, the temperature state of the battery provides a clear indication of its internal and external working conditions, making it a crucial parameter for future intelligent battery management systems. This paper outlines four key temperature characteristics of batteries: surface temperature, core temperature, body average temperature, and temperature distribution. It also examines the applicability of temperature extremes and differences at the module level. Existing methods are classified into temperature detection and estimation, with a systematic description of the principles, advantages, and limitations of each approach. Finally, the paper discusses challenges in battery temperature management and suggests future directions.