Ground-based forward-scattering bistatic Lidar for minute-scale, wide-area wind mapping

We propose a fully ground-based, forward-scattering bistatic Doppler-lidar network for minute-cadence, wide-area horizontal-wind mapping. A narrow-linewidth pulsed transmitter illuminates a range-gated volume, while distributed ground receivers arranged on a ring collect small-angle (5°–15°) forward-scattered returns from the same volume. We develop a unified performance model that couples geometric conditioning with photon statistics, spectral sensitivity, and sky-background radiance. Sensitivity analyses quantify the impacts of receiver number, ring radius, wavelength, background level, and the accumulated pulse number N p = PRF × T int . The results provide design rules that link uncertainty thresholds to cadence and layout, and they support scalable tiled deployments for large renewable-energy sites and wind corridors.