S3811 Unusual Case of Solitary Colonic Ganglioneuroma in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Its often indolent course can lead to delayed clinical presentations, frequently accompanied by metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes, bone, and liver. We report a rare case of rectal metastasis from prostate cancer. Case Description/Methods: A 75-year-old man with a history of Gleason 8 prostate cancer status post radical prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection 10 years prior presented with subacute left lower quadrant abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss of 28 pounds over 2 months. Otherwise, he was clinically and hemodynamically stable, with an unremarkable initial laboratory workup. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed a 7.4 × 5.6 × 4.8 cm heterogeneous rectal mass invading the mesorectal fascia and bladder, with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Colonoscopy was performed, revealing a 4 cm submucosal, non-obstructing rectal mass located 8 cm from the anal verge, which was biopsied. Histopathology demonstrated poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin, confirmed by positive NKX3.1 immunostaining. Notably, PSA levels were elevated at 10.86 ng/ml. The patient was referred to oncology for staging and initiation of androgen-deprivation therapy along with chemotherapy. Discussion: Prostate cancer poses diagnostic challenges due to its slow-growing nature and limitations in lab testing, including PSA levels. This often results in patients presenting with metastatic disease, with symptoms varying depending on the site of spread. Our patient endorsed nonspecific symptoms of weight loss and abdominal pain, initially suggesting colorectal cancer as the source of his rectal mass based on imaging and endoscopic appearance. However, histopathologic evaluation confirmed metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. This diagnostic pitfall underscores the importance of considering prior malignancies in the differential diagnosis of new gastrointestinal lesions. Proposed mechanisms for this presentation include shared lymphatic pathways and disruption of Denonvilliers’ fascia from prior surgical intervention, facilitating local invasion of the rectal wall. Recognizing such metastatic presentations is crucial, as management differs significantly from that of primary colorectal cancer and typically involves systemic therapy rather than surgical resection.