The use of Artificial Intelligence in English language assessment: Empirical evidence and future directions

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognised as a useful tool for assessment, but its specific role in English language assessment remains unexplored. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2025, following the framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Results show seven main ways AI is used in English assessment: generating test items, using chatbots for conversation practice, marking and scoring, supporting self-assessment, enabling adaptive testing, giving instant feedback, and recognising speech. AI helps make assessments more efficient, keeps students engaged, and supports more personalised learning.