Cyber-physical system-based adaptive PID power regulation for cooling tower pumps

This paper presents an information and communication technology (ICT) enabled adaptive PID power regulation framework for cooling tower pumps.A cyber-physical system (CPS) architecture integrates real-time sensor data through industrial IoT communication links, enabling bidirectional data exchange between field devices and a remote adaptive tuner.The tuner dynamically updates PID gains using streaming operational data under practical network constraints, including time-varying delay and packet loss.Unlike conventional methods, the proposed framework embeds physical knowledge into networked control loops, ensuring reliable performance in non-ideal communication environments.Experimental results demonstrate that compared to state-of-the-art benchmarks, the ICT-based control reduces system response time by 18.5% under variable cooling loads and lowers total pump power consumption by 12.3%.Furthermore, statistical significance analysis confirms the robustness of the proposed approach against both extreme environmental disturbances and adverse network conditions.