Energy bandgap and thermal characteristics of non-Darcian MHD rotating hybridity nanofluid thin film flow: Nanotechnology application

The primary purpose of this research is to examine how the presence of thermal features variation affects the velocity and heat transfer rate of nanofluids composed of sodium alginate and molybdenum disulfide [Na-Alg/MoS 2 ] m and sodium alginate and molybdenum disulfide and graphene oxide [Na-Alg/MoS 2 + GO] h , respectively, flowing between two rotating, permeable plates. Both centripetal and Coriolis forces, which act on a spinning fluid, are taken into account. The impacts of magnetized force, thermal radiative flux, heat source (sinking), and varied pressure in the Darcy–Forccheimer material are considered. Using the physical vapor deposition method, single and hybridity nanofluid thin films of thickness 150 ± 5 nm may be created. The controlling mathematical equations of the suggested model are solved using the Keller-box technique in MATLAB software. The surface friction coefficient of a hybrid nanofluid is less, and the heat transfer rate is greater than that of a regular nanofluid. The rate of heat transmission is slowed by the rotational parameter. The thermal efficiency of mono nanofluids is as low as 6.16% and as high as 21.88% when compared to those of hybrid nanofluids. In particular, the findings of density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the energy bandgap Δ E g Opt \Delta {E}_{{\rm{g}}}^{{\rm{Opt}}} drops from 1.641 eV for conventional nanofluid to 0.185 eV for hybridity nanofluid. Based on the findings, the addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles to the base nanofluid converts it from a semi-conductor to a hybridity nanofluid as a superconductor.