Directing All Learners to Course Goal with Enforcement of Discipline Utilizing Persona Motivation

The paper proposes the PMD method to design an introductory programming practice course plan that is inclusive for all learners and stable throughout a course. To achieve the course plan, the method utilizes personas, each of which represents learners having similar motivation to study programming. The learning of the personas is directed to the course goal with an enforcement resulting from the discipline, which is an integration of effective learning strategies with affective components of the persoans. Under the enforcement, services to facilitate and promote the learning of each persona can be decided, based on motivation components of each persona, motivational effects of the services, and the cycle of self-efficacy. The application of the method on about 500 freshmen in C programming practice course has shown this is a successful approach for designing courses.