Cross-Border E-Commerce as a Driver of Investment in China–Russia Border Regions

Digital intelligence is transforming China–Russia economic cooperation, resulting in the growing significance of cross-border e-commerce as a driver of investment in border regions. This study aims to examine how cross-border e-commerce influences investment and identify pathways for strengthening regional investment attractiveness. Using a multiple-case study of Hunchun, Heihe, Suifenhe, and Manzhouli, the study draws on policy documents, official statistics, local government and industrial park materials, company and platform information, industry reports, and media sources. The findings show that cross-border e-commerce stimulates investment not only by expanding trade, but also by reshaping investor expectations and factor allocation. Three mechanisms are identified: digital consumption stimulates marketing and service investment; fulfilment requirements drive investment in logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, and payment infrastructure; and platform ecosystems foster supporting industries and services. Based on these findings, the study proposes four pathways for investment promotion: expectation management, institutional co-evolution, ecosystem agglomeration, and spatial differentiation. The study highlights the emerging investment effects of digital trade and provides insights into the transformation of economic cooperation in China–Russia border regions.