Lightweight Lattice-Based Multi-Domain Authentication Protocol with Real-Time Revocation and Aggregated Verification for Vehicular Communication

Vehicle-centric vehicular communication systems need secure, scalable, and low-delay authentication schemes to guarantee on-the-fly trust among vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and cloud services. The research contribution is a authentication with which the quantum entities of appropriate domains exchange the quantum messages to achieve the quantum resistance and the vehicular authentication among the multi-domains. We design an efficient lattice-based authentication scheme spanning Ring-LWE for post-quantum key generation, ring signatures for anonymity, and Merkle tree structures for space-efficient public key management. Merklix trees can be anchored to combat decentralized and globally verifiable revocation using a consortium blockchain. To cope with high-density traffic, we devise an aggregated verification approach to minimize the computational and communication cost. The scheme functions in four stages-initialization, registration, mutual authentication and revocation together with pushing the real-time alert based on the compromised key. The security is reduced to the Random Oarch Model (ROM), with hardness assumptions defined over the hard lattice problems such as CBi-ISIS and Ring-LWE. Our simulation results on the realistic vehiculargrade devices demonstrate that our protocol can readily achieve sub-25 ms authentication latency, small-size signature (1.3 KB) and convenient Merkle proof processing procedures, which outperforms the state-of-the-art lattice-based schemes. These findings indicate the feasibility of the system for real-time V2X services. It is validated to provide scalable, privacy-preserving authentication for packed vehicular networks. Next, we plan to investigate the adaptive trust scoring and dynamic batch verification for the mobility.