A novel multimodal hand database for biometric authentication

Automated person identification through a biometric device is the most popular technology for individual authentication.Recognition is based on the behavioral or physical characteristics such as face, fingerprints, voice, stride, and signature [1].These characteristics are known as biometric cues or biometric modalities.For the past several years, these biometrics cues have been used in applications ranging from less security to high security [2][3][4][5].Due to the defensive nature of multimodal biometrics in terms of security and robustness, it is preferred over unimodal biometric systems [6]. *Author for correspondenceBiometrics are simply a way to provide an assurance of authentication that a user cannot deny, and multibiometric improves authentication by combining information that is more unique to an individual than information received from a single source.The distinctive hand structure is due to the formation of bones, veins, muscles, and joints and the physiological correlation among them [7].The internal and physiological anatomy of the human hand, which defines the individuality of several handassociated biometric modalities, is the focus of this research.Palm print: The interior portion of the wrist to the starting point of the fingers forms the palmar region of a human hand.Palm print refers to the impression made by the palmar region when it is pressed against some surface.Palm prints mainly reveal features such as principal lines, wrinkle points, end points, width, length, and texture.The accuracy