The Role of Polydeoxyribonucleotide as a Powerful Biotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a DNA-derived biological therapy gaining prominence in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. It functions as an adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist and serves as a substrate in the nucleotide salvage pathway. These mechanisms drive anti-inflammatory effects, stimulate angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor, and promote collagen synthesis. In osteoarthritis, PDRN reduces cartilage degradation and promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. It effectively treats tendinopathies, including Achilles and rotator cuff injuries, by accelerating tissue repair. PDRN also facilitates early bone formation and supports the reconstruction of damaged ligament fibers. It serves as a safe non-steroidal option for treating spinal radiculopathy, especially when corticosteroids are contraindicated. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate significant pain reduction and functional recovery across various soft tissue diseases. The agent maintained an excellent safety profile, with no reported systemic toxicity or allergic reactions. Future large-scale trials are needed to standardize the dosing protocols for integrated orthopedic rehabilitation.