Oxidation States and Fractionation of Plaque Iron on Roots of Common Reeds

Characterization of iron plaque stability on roots of wetland plants is of value in consideration of several wetland issues. Active and dormant roots of common reed [ Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel] sampled from a constructed wetland were treated sequentially with 0.5 M MgCl 2 (salt extraction), HCl solution at pH 3, 2, 1.6, 0.6, 0.3, and 0 (acid extraction), and 0.385 M Na 2 S 2 O 4 (reductant extraction). Iron was measured with an orthophenanthrolene method. Results indicated that dormant roots contained 6, 890, 180, and 140 µg Fe g ‐1 fresh root weight in salt extractable, acid extractable, reductant extractable, and residual fractions, respectively, and active roots had a higher proportion of acid extractable Fe and lower proportions of reductant extractable and residual Fe than dormant roots. Following acid extraction, substantial Fe 2+ was detected. Ferric iron reduction after extraction was also found. The models of Fe extraction dynamics at different pH levels were fit to standard equations. According to the comparison of the constants in these models, the Fe release rate and potential for extraction in the acid solutions tended to increase as the pH decreased, but the effect on Fe extraction became saturated when pH approached zero. The oxidation state of Fe in root plaque was examined with Mossbauer spectroscopy after the roots were dried at 80°C in a regular oven and were powdered. The results indicated that the Fe(II) proportion is 33% in powdered dormant roots, and 27% in active roots. Based on these results, we suggest that the previously accepted concept of plaque composed entirely of Fe 3+ needs to be further examined.