Optimization of mechanical structure of truck carriage based on modal analysis

In order to improve the strength and stiffness characteristics of truck carriage, a structural optimization scheme based on modal analysis was proposed, which could enhance the comprehensive mechanical performance while reducing weight. Based on finite element simulation, the natural frequencies and modal shapes of the carriage were obtained. Under braking conditions, piezoelectric accelerometer was used to capture vibration data of the suspension system, which also verified the accuracy of natural frequency calculation. Through sensitivity analysis, four dimensions of the side reinforcement were selected as design variables. The approximate model of the optimization objective was constructed using an approximation method, and multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to solve the design variables. The results show that the optimized structure can decrease the mass by 2.3 %, decrease the maximum stress by 10.9 %, and increase the first-order natural frequency by 23.4 %.