A proposed new direct method to detect match-fixing

BACKGROUND: This research aims to demonstrate the validity of using video analysis as a direct method of detecting the manipulation of sports competitions (i.e., match-fixing). METHODS: Using the case of an allegedly manipulated professional handball competition, the direct detection method was developed and used as evidence during expert testimony for the courts. The analysis divided the video of the alleged fixed handball competition into key points. Biomechanical analysis was conducted on each key point to identify intentional performance deficiencies (i.e. match-fixing) in motor behavior actions with or without a ball, performed in a favorable environment, and contrary to the interest of the team or player. RESULTS: The video analysis method strongly limited the number of hypotheses for the explanation and thus demonstrated when aspects of the contest were fixed. This work demonstrates the high potential for a direct match-fixing detection method from video analysis not only for handball but more generally for team or individual sports. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides important support for the use of video analysis in real time to fight against match-fixing and to protect the integrity of sport more effectively.