Graft fixation techniques in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction – A narrative review

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common knee arthroscopic surgeries performed worldwide with 75–90% patients reporting good or excellent outcomes. Implants used for fixing ACL graft during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction are of numerous designs and materials. An implant should be used after going through its biomechanical properties, clinical outcomes, and complications. Rational use of implants according to the graft and patient should be considered. An ideal fixation device should be mechanically adequate enough to hold the graft firmly while biological healing of the graft takes place. This review article summarizes the biomechanical properties, clinical outcomes, and complications of the implants available in the current trend.