Polynucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides in dermatology – A narrative review

Polynucleotides (PNs) and polydeoxyribonucleotides are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-derived bioproducts mostly sourced from salmon gonads. They are unique as they are biocompatible, inert, and have a strong regenerative potential with studied effectiveness in various dermatological indications. They act by binding to the adenosine A2 receptors and through the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis and cause several pharmacological actions such as immune modulation, inhibiting inflammation and melanogenesis, promoting angiogenesis, and acting as biostimulators by causing cell proliferation. Although their positioning as drugs in the regenerative segment is promising, more controlled studies are needed to bridge the gaps in evidence-based use of PNs and to address certain critical issues. This narrative review highlights key aspects of the present position of these bio-drugs and places them as pivotal inserts for skin and tissue regeneration, laying stress on the evidence, clinical gaps, ethical considerations, regulations, and alternative sourcing.