Correlation of coagulation parameters with prognosis of carcinoma breast patients

Breast cancer is still the most common female malignancy in India. In spite of major advancements in surgical technique, extensive innovation in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and revolution in radiotherapy techniques and treatment delivery, the impact is not being reflected in mortality reduction for carcinoma breast patients. An association between cancer and hemostasis has been established by many experimental and clinical studies. A systemic activation of blood coagulation and procoagulant changes has frequently been observed in cancer patients, even in the absence of venous thromboembolism. The objectives of this review article were to find the correlation of coagulation markers with the risk of morbidity and mortality in breast carcinoma patients. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies exploring the role of D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, platelet count, etc., coagulation biomarkers in carcinoma breast prognosis. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from 2015 to 2025 using a comprehensive search strategy. Most of the reviewed studies concluded that plasma D-dimer level and fibrinogen level can be used as reliable prognostic markers in breast carcinoma patients, especially in advanced breast carcinoma and these biomarkers can be considered a good indicator for determining clinical stage progression of the disease, lympho-vascular invasion, and metastasis.