Research on the Practice and Optimization Path of the Protection of Workers’ Rights and Interests in New Forms of Employment

The digital economy has resulted in the rapid development of new employment forms and has become a significant force for employment absorption.However, their characteristics of flexibility and de-employerization also pose severe challenges to the traditional system designed to safeguard the rights of workers.Focusing on the protection of labor safeguards in gig economy as the core issue, this paper adopts the literature review method to systematically sort out the conceptual connotations, policy evolutions, and domestic and international practical experiences, and analyzes the core contradictions in rights protection from institutional adaptability, platform responsibilities, and worker empowerment.The study finds that the existing system leads to incomplete labor relations due to the dualism of labor relations, platforms exacerbate labor risks through algorithmic hegemony and the outsourcing of responsibilities, and the decentralized nature of workers makes them lack collective bargaining power.Based on the above analysis, the study proposes a three-dimensional optimization path of institutional reconstruction, technological empowerment, and multistakeholder governance.The research aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the policies for the protection of rights and interests in new forms of employment, and to help achieve a dynamic balance between the protection of labor rights and interests and industrial development in the era of the digital economy.