The influence of the value of children on the fertility intentions of people of childbearing age in China

Objective This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which the multidimensional reconstruction of childbearing values in the post-pandemic era influences fertility intentions among Chinese individuals of reproductive age, while elucidating the interplay between economic rationality and cultural norms in fertility decision-making, thereby providing theoretical foundations for targeted fertility policy formulation. Methods Utilizing data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we analyzed a sample of 1,758 individuals of reproductive age. Factor analysis was employed to extract three dimensions of childbearing values—psychological affection, economic utility, and familial responsibility. A logistic regression model incorporating control variables (gender, household registration, education, etc.) was constructed, followed by heterogeneity analyses across demographic subgroups. Results All three dimensions of childbearing values exhibited significant positive effects on fertility intentions, with familial responsibility demonstrating the strongest impact (coefficient = 0.249, p < 0.01). Heterogeneity analysis revealed that psychological affection predominantly influenced females (coefficient = 0.316, p < 0.05) and rural populations, while economic utility exerted a pronounced effect on high-income groups (coefficient = 0.306, p < 0.05). Educational attainment consistently enhanced fertility intentions (coefficient = 0.206, p < 0.01). Conclusion Fertility decisions emerge as a dynamic interplay between cultural values and resource endowments. Sustainable enhancement of fertility intentions necessitates differentiated policy interventions that reinforce familial responsibility, alleviate economic constraints, and address emotional needs.