Last-Mile Drone Delivery: Past, Present, and Future

Sustainable green products and services garner more attention from companies and enterprises that aim to succeed and grow in highly competitive markets by imposing less harms on the environment and ecosystems. Last-mile delivery from local distribution centers to customers plays an essential role in the retail business. Retail companies are leaning towards implementing green, efficient transportation methods, such as drones, in their last-mile delivery operations to conserve ecosystems. Accordingly, researchers have documented numerous research findings on last-mile drone delivery in recent years. This literature review selected a collection of articles mostly from 2011 to 2022 and reviewed them in terms of key technical challenges, such as routing, cargo distribution optimization, battery management, data communication, and environmental protection. These challenges are interrelated in a sense of achieving eco-friendly, efficient, lean, last-mile drone delivery. The selection of these technical challenges is based on the top challenges discussed in the literature.