Digital Divides in Older People: Assessment of Digital Competencies and Proposals for Meaningful Inclusion

BACKGROUND: Currently, population aging and the growing incorporation of digital technologies into everyday life highlight the need to ensure the digital inclusion of older adults. This is due to the existence of a significant digital divide that affects this population group, limiting not only their access to services and opportunities but also their emotional well-being and quality of life. The lack of digital skills can generate feelings of exclusion, frustration, and dependence, negatively impacting their mental health and autonomy. METHODS: The objective of this study is to assess the level of basic digital competence in 404 older adults using the Scale of Basic Digital Competence in Older Adults (DigCompB_PM) in order to identify existing digital divides and provide empirical evidence for the design of educational interventions that promote the digital inclusion of this population group. To this end, we start with the following research question: Are older adults prepared to face the digital and knowledge society, taking into account personal variables such as age, gender, geographical location, place of residence, and type of cohabitation? RESULTS: The findings reveal that participants scored highest in the dimension related to safety and digital device usage while scoring lowest in online collaboration, indicating a disparity between basic digital skills and collaborative competencies. Cluster analysis further demonstrates that age and previous occupational experience significantly influence digital literacy levels. These results highlight the heterogeneity of digital competence among older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes by emphasising the importance of implementing tailored policies that enhance digital literacy in this population. Key factors such as accessibility, training, and motivation should guide such efforts. Additionally, intergenerational learning emerges as a promising strategy, facilitating the development of digital skills through knowledge exchange and sustained support from younger cohorts.