A Review of Cooling Technology Methods for Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management Systems

The global issues of air pollution and the energy crisis present significant potential for the development of electric vehicles. However, modern power batteries fall short of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles in several categories, including factors such as cycle longevity, suitability for various environments, range of driving, and charging duration. Battery thermal management (BTM) must be performed well to solve these problems. Enhancing efficiency of electric vehicle batteries is one of the biggest challenges in lowering power usage during electric vehicle battery discharging while driving. Additionally, if the range of electric vehicles is extended, more individuals will acquire them. The cooling system for the battery is one of the main performance issues faced by electric vehicles. This literature review focuses on battery modules that use air and liquid cooling and discusses various cooling configuration arrangements. Liquid, straightforward liquid, and air-cooling strategies are also evaluated, as they can advance battery thermal management systems to a new generation. We aim to address and present various issues related to electric vehicle battery cooling systems, enabling researchers to design and improve current cooling systems for enhanced performance.