Study on the Influence of Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Porous Media on the Heterogeneous Distribution of Methane Hydrate

The homogeneity of methane hydrates in marine sediments plays a significant role in determining the efficiency of gas production during exploitation processes. Revealing their distribution mechanisms is crucial for optimizing the development of gas hydrates. This work systematically investigates the evolution patterns of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) during the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate in marine sediments, focusing on their major mineral components, such as quartz sand, illite, and montmorillonite. The results reveal the influence of thermal conductivity (TC) characteristics in porous media on hydrate phase transition behavior and spatial distribution. Key findings demonstrate that the TC characteristics of porous media are one of the dominant factors controlling hydrate formation rates. High-conductivity porous media significantly accelerate hydrate formation through efficient heat transfer. The swelling characteristics of montmorillonite and its coupling effects with salt ions impair heat transfer pathways, thereby inhibiting hydrate formation. Further analysis reveals that the spatial heterogeneity in reservoir TC is the primary intrinsic mechanism responsible for the macroscopic heterogeneous distribution of hydrates. Additionally, the hydrate dissociation process disrupts solid-state thermal bridging and generates gaseous thermal barriers, causing irreversible attenuation of reservoir TC. This phenomenon exacerbates the non-uniformity of the front during dissociation and increases the risk of secondary formation during exploitation. From a novel perspective of reservoir TC heterogeneity, this study establishes mechanistic links between the thermophysical properties of porous media and the spatial distribution patterns of hydrates. This provides significant theoretical guidance for resource exploration and the safe, efficient exploitation of marine gas hydrate reservoirs.