N-STGAT: Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network Based Network Intrusion Detection for Near-Earth Remote Sensing

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based near-Earth remote sensing technology, the problem of network intrusion for near-Earth remote sensing systems has become more complex and large-scale. Therefore, seeking an intelligent, automated, and robust network intrusion detection method is essential. Many researchers have researched network intrusion detection methods, such as traditional feature-based and machine learning methods. In recent years, network intrusion detection methods based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proposed. However, there are still some practical issues with these methods. For example, they have not taken into consideration the characteristics of near-Earth remote sensing systems, the state of the nodes, and the temporal features. Therefore, this article analyzes the factors of existing near-Earth remote sensing systems and proposes a spatio-temporal graph attention network (N-STGAT) that considers the state of nodes and applies them to the network intrusion detection of near-Earth remote sensing systems. Finally, the proposed method in this article is validated using the latest flow-based datasets NF-BoT-IoT-v2 and NF-ToN-IoT-v2. The results demonstrate that the binary classification accuracy for network intrusion detection exceeds 99%, while the multi-classification accuracy exceeds 93%. These findings provide substantial evidence that the proposed method outperforms existing intrusion detection techniques.