Ammonia： From a Traditional Chemical Feedstock to a Green Energy Carrier

Ammonia is not only one of the most important bulk chemicals in the chemical industry，but also the core medium for the green ammonia energy storage industry，thus possessing the dual attributes of “feedstock” and “fuel”. This paper first outlines the critical roles and development potential of ammonia in China’s chemical and energy sectors，and compares the policy and development strategies of ammonia-related industries in China and abroad. Then，we summarize recent research and industrial advances in ammonia synthesis，storage and transportation，and its utilization in energy field in China，highlighting the key scientific questions and technological challenges that urgently need to be addressed across the ammonia value chain. Based on these insights，the paper proposes new research paradigms and strategic directions for the future development of China’s ammonia-related industries，aiming to provide scientific guidance and technology guarantees for national energy security，food security，and green and low-carbon development.