Time as a Factor of Competitiveness: From Taylorist Time Study to "Proactive" IT Infrastructure

This article analyzes the evolution of management theories' understanding of time as a factor in enterprise competitiveness. From Taylorist timekeeping, which viewed time as a measure of labor operations, through the concepts of "just-in-time" and first-mover strategies, the analysis addresses contemporary challenges: the attention economy, the asynchronous nature of work processes, and the potential of artificial intelligence. The article argues that, in the context of digital transformation and the spread of artificial intelligence, competitive advantages accrue to companies that are able not only to optimize personnel time resources and accelerate processes but also to manage the attention of employees and customers, including through the transition from a "reactive" to a "proactive" IT infrastructure.