Electric Propulsion Systems of Autonomous Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses

The decarbonization of public transport represents a major challenge in achieving sustainable urban mobility. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of electric propulsion systems in autonomous hydrogen fuel cell buses. The study evaluates technological characteristics, operational efficiency, regulatory frameworks, and economic feasibility. A comparative analysis with battery electric buses and compressed natural gas buses is also provided. Special attention is given to integrating autonomous driving technologies and the necessary infrastructure adaptations. The results indicate that hydrogen buses are particularly suitable for high-demand and long-distance routes, while regulatory, infrastructural, and economic challenges remain key barriers.