Managing with Artificial Intelligence: An Integrative Framework

Managing with artificial intelligence (AI) refers to humans’ interaction with algorithms performing managerial tasks in organizations. Two literatures exploring this interaction—human-AI collaboration (HAIC) and algorithmic management (AM)—have focused on distinct managerial tasks: while HAIC examines executive decision-making, AM focuses on managerial control. This article presents a review of both literatures to identify opportunities for integration and advancement. We observe that HAIC’s and AM’s micro-level emphases on different managerial tasks have resulted in diverging conceptualizations of context, agency, interaction, and outcome. Adopting a more encompassing systems lens, we unveil previously concealed linkages between HAIC and AM, suggesting that the two literatures have analyzed two sides of the same phenomenon: while HAIC explores how humans use AI to manage, AM describes how humans are managed by AI. We develop an integrative framework that elevates the viewpoint from tasks to the organizational context, from individual to collective agency, from local to systemic interaction, and from micro-level to multilevel outcomes. By employing this framework, we lay the foundations for an organizational perspective on managing with AI.