Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) and their applications as catalyst in organic synthesis: A comprehensive review

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are an advancing class of carbon- based nanomaterials with dimensions usually around 10 nm which display remarkable properties such as minimal toxicity, high chemical stability, good aqueous solubility, notable biocompatibility and strong tuneable photoluminescence. CQDs exhibit broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, ion sensing, biological imaging, heavy metal detection, super capacitor, membrane fabrication and water pollution treatment. This review brings forth a broad summary of the various synthetic strategies for CQDs and the role of CQDs as catalysts in various organic synthesis have also been included. In wake of the unique electronic and surface chemistry CQDs demonstrate superior performance in various organic reactions, such as condensation, oxidation, reduction, coupling, and cyclization. At the outset, we discuss the existing constraints and potential research directions in the field which furnish comprehensive insights into the growing potential of CQDs as sustainable and efficient catalysts in modern organic synthesis.