分段发酵制备壳粉-酒糟基鸭全价饲料工艺及特性研究

Agricultural waste materials such as rice husks and distillers' grains contain a high level of crude fiber; when these unprocessed materials are used to feed meat ducks, the nutrient absorption efficiency of ducks will decrease, and the overall feeding effect cannot reach the standard of normal breeding production.Most current feed production processes rely on single microbial strain fermentation, and this processing method has obvious defects; the crude fiber components inside raw materials cannot be fully broken down, unwanted bacteria easily grow during fermentation, and different microbial strains will interfere with one another when fermented together.In this study, a continuous fermentation method with three processing stages was adopted, the overall operation includes raw material treatment using compound cellulase, aerobic solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei, and anaerobic fermentation using mixed beneficial bacteria.Dry distillers' grains obtained from local factories were blended evenly with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare the fermentation medium, the experimental conditions of each stage were adjusted step by step, and various nutritional indicators of fermented products were tested and recorded.Experimental detection results demonstrate that raw materials treated with 0.2% compound cellulase at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for three hours showed a 42.7% increase in soluble reducing sugar content compared with untreated samples; after four days of aerobic culture with 2% fungal compound agents, the crude fiber degradation rate of materials reached 31.6%, and an even and dense layer of mycelium formed on the material surface; after three days of sealed anaerobic culture with 2% mixed probiotics, the final fermentation products maintained a stable pH value of 4.2, the viable microbial quantity reached 1.2×10⁹ CFU/g, and large amounts of small peptides and organic substances were produced inside the fermentation system.Fermented products were mixed with corn, soybean meal, broken rice and commercial feed additives with a dry mass proportion of 30% to produce duck pellet feed, the newly prepared feed can completely replace traditional corn and soybean based duck feed used in breeding farms.High-temperature sterilization is not required throughout the whole production process, the cooperative metabolic reaction of different bacteria forms two protective antibacterial structures, which can effectively control the mass growth of harmful bacteria during fermentation.In large-scale industrial production, wet fermented materials can be directly used for pellet processing, the separate drying procedure can be skipped, and the energy consumption required for material drying can be reduced by over 30%.This experiment summarizes a complete and practical production process, the technique improves the utilization value of coarse fiber agricultural waste in feed processing, and it also lowers the usage amount of grain raw materials in meat duck breeding industry.