A Literature Review of Audit Issues and Improvement Paths in the Context of ESG Information Disclosure

In the context of the global push for sustainable development, Environmental, Social, and Governance information disclosure has emerged as a crucial link between enterprises and the capital market, witnessing rapid growth worldwide. The implementation of the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the enhanced disclosure requirements under China's dual - carbon goal are clear indicators of this trend. ESG information differs significantly from traditional financial information. It is non-financial, multi-dimensional, and highly subjective. These characteristics pose new challenges to the traditional audit model centered around financial data, especially in terms of the scope of verification, evidence collection, and professional judgment. Although the importance of ESG audit and assurance is increasingly recognized, existing research on ESG assurance is fragmented. There are inconsistencies in research conclusions regarding standardization, professional practices, and economic consequences. A systematic review and integration of these studies is urgently needed to meet the practical demands of the growing ESG disclosure landscape. This review consolidates fragmented ESG audit research and proposes actionable improvement paths to advance ESG assurance practice.