Related Factors of Turnover Intention among Korean Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematically review of factors related to the reported intention of hospital nurses in Korea to leave their positions. Methods: Appropriate studies in the recent ten years were selected from databases. A total of 263 studies were selected for the systematic review on the basis of the PRISMA flow. The correlational effect size of 35 studies was analyzed through meta-analysis using CMA 3.0. Results: Through systematic review, 52 related factors were classified by ecological system: 18 individual, 12 microsystem, 11 mesosystem, 8 exosystem, and 3 macrosystem. The overall effect size of turnover intention was 3.26. The total correlational effect size of related factors was 0.28: 0.14 for individual, 0.50 for microsystem, 0.25 for mesosystem and 0.40 for exosystem. Among single factors with larger effect size, emotional labor, role conflict, and work-home conflict were classified into contributors whereas organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and internal marketing were classified as inhibitors. Conclusion: Previous studies focused on the individual and the microsystem in the quantitative respect. In addition, the effect size was relatively greater for the microsystem and the exosystem. It is therefore necessary to conduct further research on the systems with larger effects.